What does occupational therapy treat?

Occupational Therapy Expands Role in Rehabilitation and Daily Living

Occupational therapy treats a wide range of physical, developmental, emotional and cognitive challenges that interfere with everyday activities, experts say. Licensed occupational therapists help people regain independence after injury, manage chronic illness and adapt environments so tasks such as dressing, cooking and working remain possible.

“Occupational therapy focuses on what matters to the person,” said Dr. Emily Carter, OTR/L, a clinician with two decades of experience. “The field treats stroke and brain injury survivors, people with spinal cord injuries, arthritis and chronic pain, as well as children with autism spectrum disorder, sensory processing differences and developmental delays.”

Therapists work in hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, skilled nursing facilities and patients’ homes. Services include assessment, therapeutic exercises, adaptive equipment training and home modifications. Occupational therapy also supports mental health by teaching coping strategies, activity scheduling and social skills training for conditions such as depression, anxiety and severe mental illness.

According to the American Occupational Therapy Association, occupational therapy can improve outcomes for older adults at risk of falls, veterans with traumatic brain injury and workers recovering from repetitive strain injuries. Therapists tailor interventions to specific goals — returning to work, resuming hobbies or performing self-care independently.

Insurance coverage varies, and experts urge patients to consult providers and occupational therapy practitioners to determine eligibility. Research continues to grow on the effectiveness of occupational therapy across populations, with randomized trials supporting its role in post-stroke recovery and pediatric developmental interventions.

As demand rises with an aging population, occupational therapy remains a versatile clinical profession focused on restoring function, promoting safety and enhancing quality of life. Training requirements typically include a master's or doctoral degree and national certification, ensuring practitioners meet standardized competencies and ethical standards. Clinics advise early referral for better long-term outcomes and prevention.