The Cold War is generally considered to have officially begun in 1947. This period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies, emerged after World War II as the two superpowers sought to expand their influence globally. The term "Cold War" itself was popularized in the late 1940s, particularly after Winston Churchill's famous "Iron Curtain" speech in 1946, which highlighted the division of Europe into Western and Eastern blocs.

The formal start of the Cold War is often marked by the announcement of the Truman Doctrine in March 1947, which committed the United States to countering Soviet expansionism. This was followed by the Marshall Plan later that year, aimed at rebuilding Western European economies to prevent the spread of communism. The ideological, political, and military rivalry that characterized the Cold War would last for several decades, influencing global affairs until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Biotechnology plays a crucial role in modern medicine, offering innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. One of its primary applications is in the development of biopharmaceuticals, which are drugs produced using living organisms. These include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies that target specific diseases, such as cancer and genetic disorders.

Additionally, biotechnology is instrumental in diagnostics, enabling the creation of advanced tests that can detect diseases at an early stage. Techniques like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and CRISPR are used for genetic testing and identifying pathogens, enhancing our ability to respond to outbreaks.

Biotechnology also contributes to personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to individual genetic profiles, improving efficacy and reducing side effects. Furthermore, regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, aims to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs.

Overall, biotechnology is transforming medicine by providing more effective, targeted, and innovative approaches to healthcare, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.